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The
Treaty of Segowlee
2 December
1815
Treaty of Peace between
the Honourable East India Company and Maha Rajah Bikram
Sah, Rajah of Nipal, settled between Lieutenant-Colonel
Bradshaw on the part of the Honourable Company, in virtue
of the full powers vested in him by his Excellency the Right
Honourable Francis, Earl of Moira, Knight of the Most Noble
Order of the Garter, one of His Majesty's Most Honourable
Privy Council, appointed by the Court of Directors of the
said Honourable Company to direct and control all the affairs
in the East Indies, and by Sree Gooroo Gujraj Misser and
Chunder Seekur Opedeea on the part of Maha Rajah Girmaun
Jode Bikram Shah Bauder, Shumsheer Jung, In virtue of the
powers to that effect vested in them by the said Rajah of
Nipal,—2nd December 1815.
WHEREAS war has arisen between
the Honourable East India Company and the Rajah
of Nipal, and
WHEREAS the parties
are mutually disposed to restore the relations of peace
and amity which, previously to the occurrence of the late
differences, had long subsisted between the two States,
the following terms of peace have been agreed upon:
Article 1st
There shall be perpetual
peace and friendship between the Honourable East Company
and the Rajah of Nipal.
Article 2nd
The Rajah of Nipal renounces
all claim to the lands which were the subject of discussion
between the two States before the war; and acknowledges
the right of the Honourable Company to the sovereignty of
those lands.
Article 3rd
The Rajah of Nipal hereby
cedes to the Honourable East India Company in perpetuity
all the under-mentioned territories, viz.—
Firstly, The whole of the
low lands between the Rivers Kali and Rapti.
Secondly, The whole of the
low lands (with the exception of Bootwul Khass) lying between
the Rapti and the Gunduck.
Thirdly, The whole of the
low lands between the Gunduck and Coosah, in which the authority
of the British government has been introduced, or is in
actual course of introduction.
Fourthly, All the low lands
between the Rivers Mitchee and the Teestah.
Fifthly, All the territories
within the hills eastward of the River Mitchee including
the fort and lands of Nagree and the Pass of Nagarcote leading
from Morung into the hills, together with the territory
lying between that Pass and Nagree. The aforesaid territory
shall be evacuated by the Gurkah troops within forty days
from this date.
Article 4th
With a view to indemnify
the Chiefs and Barahdars of the State of Nipal, whose interests
will suffer by the alienation of the lands ceded by the
foregoing Article, the British Government agrees to settle
pensions to the aggregate amount of two lakhs of rupees
per annum on such Chiefs as may be selected by the Rajah
of Nipal, and in the proportions which the Rajah may fix.
As soon as the selection is made, Sunnuds shall be granted
under the seal and signature of the Governor-General for
the pensions respectively.
Article 5th
The Rajah of Nipal renounces
for himself, his heirs, and successors, all claim to or
connexion with the countries lying to the west of the River
Kali and engages never to have any concern with those countries
or the inhabitants thereof.
Article 6th
The Rajah of Nipal engages
never to molest or disturb the Rajah of Sikkim in the possession
of his territories; but agrees, if any differences shall
arise between the State of Nipal and the Rajah of Sikkim
or the subjects of either, that such differences shall be
refereed to the arbitration of the British Government by
whose award the Rajah of Nipal engages to abide.
Article 7th
The Rajah of Nipal hereby
engages never to take or retain in his service any British
subject, nor the subject of any European and American State,
without the consent of the British Government.
Article 8th
In order to secure and improve
the relations of amity and peace hereby established between
the two States, it is agreed that accredited Ministers from
each shall reside at the Court of the other.
Article 9th
This treaty, consisting of
nine Articles, shall be ratified by the Rajah of Nipal within
fifteen days from this date, and the ratification shall
be delivered to lieut.-Colonel Bradshaw, who engages to
obtain and deliver to the Rajah the ratification of the
Governor-General within twenty days, or sooner, if practicable.
DONE at Segowlee, on the
2nd day of December 1815.
PARIS BRADSHAW, LT.-COL.,P.A.
Received this treaty from
Chunder Seekur Opedeea, Agent on the part of the Rajah of
Nipal, in the valley of Muckwaunpoor, at half-past two o'clock
p.m. on the 4th of March 1816, and delivered
to thim the Conterpart Treaty on behalf of the British Government.
DD. OCHTERLONY,
Agent, Governor-General
Memorandum for the approval
and acceptance of the Rajah of Nipal,
presented on December 8, 1816
ADVERTING to the amity and
confidence subsisting with the Rajah of Nipal, the British
Government proposes to suppress as much as possible, the
execution of certain Articles in the Treaty of Segowlee,
which bear hard upon the Rajah as follows:
With a view to gratify the
Rajah in a point which he has much at heart, the British
Government is willing to restore the Terai ceded to it by
the Rajah in the Treaty, to wit, the whole Terai lands lying
between the Rivers Coosah and Gunduck, such as appertained
to the Rajah before the late disagreement; excepting the
disputed lands in the Zillahs of Tirhoot and Sarun, and
excepting such portions of territory as may occur on both
sides for the purpose of settling a frontier, upon investigation
by the respective Commissioners; and excepting such lands
as may have been given in possession to any one by the British
Government upon ascertainment of his rights subsequent to
the cession of Terai to the Government. In case the Rajah
is desirous of retaining the lands of such ascertained proprietors,
they may be exchanged for others, and let it be clearly
inderstood that, notwithstanding the considerable extent
of the lands in the Zillah of Tirhoot, which have for a
long time been a subject of dispute, the settlement made
in the year 1812 of Christ, corresponding with year 1869
of Bikramajeet, shall be taken, and everything else relinquished,
that is to say, that the settlement and negotiations, such
as occurred at that period, shall in the present case hold
good and be established.
The British Government is
willing likewise to restore the Terai lying between the
Rivers Gunduk and Rapti, that is to say, from the River
Gunduk to the western limits of the Zillah of Goruckpore,
together with Bootwul and Sheeraj, such as appertained to
Nipal previous to the disagreements, complete, with the
exception of the disputed places in the Terai, and such
quantity of ground as may be considered mutually to be requisite
for the new boundary.
As it is impossible to establish
desirable limits between the two States without survey,
it will be expedient that Commissioners be appointed on
both sides for the purpose of arranging in concert a well
defined boundary on the basis of the preceding terms, and
of establishing a straight line of frontier, with a view
to the distinct separation of the respective territories
of the British Government to the south and of Nipal to the
north; and in case any indentations occur to destroy the
even tenor of the line, the Commissioners should effect
an exchange of lands so interfering on principles of clear
reciprocity.
And should it occur that
the proprietors of lands situated on the mutual frontier,
as it may be rectified, whether holding of the British Government
of of the Rajah of Nipal, should be placed in the condition
of subjects to both Governments, with a view to prevent
continual dispute and discussion between the two Governments,
the respective Commissioners should effect in mutual concurrence
and co-operation the exchange of such lands, so as to render
them subject to one dominion alone.
Whensoever the Terai should
be restored, the Rajah of Nipal will cease to require the
sum of two lakhs of Rupees per annum, which the British
Government agreed to advance for the maintenance of certain
Barahdars of his Government.
Moreover, the Rajah of Nipal
agrees to refrain from prosecuting any inhabitants of the
Terai, after its revertance to his rule, on account of having
favoured the cause of the British Government during the
war, and should any of those persons, excepting the cultivators
of the soil, be desirous of quitting their estates, and
of retiring within the Company's territories, he shall not
be liable to hindrance.
In the event of the Rajah's
approving the foregoing terms, the proposed arrangement
for the survey and establishment of boundary marks shall
be carried into execution, and after the determination in
concert, of the boundary line, Sunnuds conformable to the
foregoing stipulations, drawn out and sealed by the two
States, shall be delivered and accepted on both sides.
EDWARD GARDNER
Resident
Substance of a
Letter under the Seal of the Rajah of Nipal,
received on December 11, 1816
After compliments :
I have comprehended the document
under date the 8th of December 1816, or 4th
of Poos, 1873 Sumbat, which you transmitted relative to
the restoration, with a view to my friendship and satisfaction,
of the Terai between the Rivers Coosa and Rapti to the southern
boundary complete, such as appertained to my estate previous
to the war. It mentioned that in the event of my accepting
the terms contained in that document, the southern boundary
of the Terai should be established as it was held by this
Government. I have accordingly agreed to the terms laid
down by you, and herewith enclose an instrument of agreement,
which may be satisfactory to you. Moreover, it was written
in the document transmitted by you, that it should be restored,
with the exception of the disputed lands and such portion
of land as should, in the opinion of the Commissioners on
both sides, occur for the purpose of settling a boundary;
and excepting the lands which, after the cessions of the
Terai to the Honourable Company, may have been transferred
by it to the ascertained proprietors. My friend, all these
matters rest with you, and since it was also written that
a view was had to my friendship and satisfactions with respect
to certain Articles of the Treaty of Segowlee, which bore
hard upon me, and which could be remitted, I am well assured
that you have at heart the removal of whatever may tend
to my distress, and that you will act in a manner corresponding
to the advantage of this State and the increase of the friendly
relations subsisting between the two Governments.
Moreover I have to acknowledge
the receipt of the orders under the red seal of this State,
addressed to the officers of Terai between the Rivers Gunduk
and Rapti, for the surrender of that Terai, and their retiring
from thence, which was given to you at Thankote, according
to your request, and which you have now returned for my
satisfaction.
Substance of a
Document under the Red Seal, received from the
Durbar, on December 11, 1816
With regard to friendship
and amity, the Government of Nipal agrees to the tenor of
the document under date the 8th of December 1816
or 4th Poos 1873 Sumbat which was received by
the Durbar from the Honourable Edward Gardner on the part
of the Honourable Company, respecting the revertance of
the Terai between the Rivers Coosa and Rapti to the former
southern boundary, such as appertained to Nipal previous
to the war, with exception of the disputed lands.
Dated the 7th
of Poos 1873 Sumbat
Treaty with Nipal—November
1, 1860
DURING the disturbances which
followed the mutiny of the Native army of Bengal in 1857,
the Maharajah of Nipal not only faithfully maintained the
relations of peace and friendship established between the
British Government and the State of Nipal by the Treaty
of Segowlee, but freely placed troops at the disposal of
the British authorities for the preservation of order in
the Frontier Districts, and subsequently sent a force to
co-operate with the British Army in the recapture of Lucknow
and the final defeat of the rebels. On the conclusion of
these operations, the Viceroy and Governor-General in recognition
of the eminent services rendered to the British Government
by the State of Nipal, declared his intention to restore
to the Maharajah the whole of the low lands lying between
the River Kali and the District of Gorukpore, which belonged
to the State of Nipal in 1815, and were ceded to the British
Government in that year by the aforesaid Treaty. These lands
have now been identified by Commissioners appointed for
the purpose by the British Government, in the presence of
Commissioners deputed by the Nipal Darbar; masonry pillars
have been erected to mark the future boundary of the two
States, and the territory has been formally delivered over
to the Nipalese Authorities. In order the more firmly to
secure the State of Nipal in the perpetual possession of
this territory, and to mark in a solemn way the occasion
of its restoration, the following Treaty has been concluded
between the two States:
Article 1st
All Treaties and Engagements
now in force between the British Government and the Maharajah
of Nipal, except in so far as they may be altered by this
Treaty, are hereby confirmed.
Article 2nd
The British Government hereby
bestows on the Maharajah of Nipal in full sovereignty, the
whole of the lowlands between the Rivers Kali and Raptee,
and the whole of the lowlands lying between the River Raptee
and the District of Gorukpore, which were in the possession
of the Nipal State in the year 1815, and were ceded to the
British Government by Article III of the Treaty concluded
at Segowlee on the 2nd of December in that year.
Article 3rd
The boundary line surveyed
by the British Commissioners appointed for the purpose extending
eastward from the River Kali or Sardah to the foot of the
hills north of Bagowra Tal, and marked by pillars, shall
henceforth be the boundary between the British Province
of Oudh and the Territories of the Maharajah of Nipal.
This Treaty, signed by lieutenant-Colonel
George Ramsay, on the part of his excellency the Right Honourable
Charles John, Earl Canning, G.C.B, Viceroy and Governor-General
of India, and by Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana, G.C.B., on
the part of Maharajah Dheraj Soorinder Vikram Sah Bahadoor
Shumshere Jung, shall be ratified, and the ratifications
shall be exchanged at Kathmandoo within thirty days of the
date of signature.
SIGNED and sealed at Kathmandoo,
this first day of November, A.D., one thousand eight hundred
and sixty corresponding to the third day of Kartik Budee,
Sumbut nineteen hundred and seventeen.
G. RAMSAY, LIEUT. COL
Resident at Nipal
CANNING
Viceroy and Governor-General
This Treaty was ratified
by His Excellency the Governor-General, at Calcutta, on
the 15th of November, 1860.
A.R.YOUNG
Deputy Secretary to the Government of India
Source:
www.nepalicongress.org.np
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